Hospitals & Asylums
Freedom: Model Rules of Community
Corrections
Codified for Title 24 US Code Chapter 6 §261-270
Freedmen’s Hospital
1st Draft 2004 & 2005, 2nd 31 January 2006, 3rd
30 January 2007
1. These Model Rules for
Community Corrections (MRCC) are annually amended to replace the repealed
sections of Freedmen’s Hospital, to assist Congress to make America a community
where all people can live together as sisters and brothers without fear of
crime by either citizens or government. By adhering to these
principles the US shall achieve minimum standards of human rights for the
treatment of prisoners and instill the philosophy of rehabilitation, community
corrections, probation and parole to cut the prison population in half in
pursuit of international norms.
2. In his 2004 State of the Union address, the President correctly
states: We know from long experience that if former prisoners cannot find work,
or a home, or help, they are much more likely to commit more crimes and return
to prison...America is the land of the second chance, and when the gate of
prison open, the path ahead should lead to a better life. In recent years, a
number of States and local governments have begun to establish improved systems
for reintegrating former prisoners.
Under such systems, corrections officials begin to plan for a prisoners
release while the prisoner is incarcerated and provide a transition to needed services
in the community. After offenders are released and, community agencies
coordinate and provide continuation of re-entry services.
3. In his 2007 State of the Union address, the President states: Our goal is to apply the compassion of
America to the deepest problems of America. For so many in our country -- the
homeless and the fatherless, the addicted -- the need is great. Yet there's
power, wonder-working power, in the goodness and idealism and faith of the
American people. Americans are doing the work of compassion every day -- visiting
prisoners, providing shelter for battered women, bringing companionship to
lonely seniors. These good works deserve our praise; they deserve our personal
support; and when appropriate, they deserve the assistance of the federal government
-- Tonight I ask Congress and the American people to focus the spirit of
service and the resources of government on the needs of some of our most
vulnerable citizens -- boys and girls trying to grow up without guidance and
attention, and children who have to go through a prison gate to be hugged by
their mom or dad.
4. Forerunner of the Howard University
Hospital, Freedmen's Hospital served the black community in the District of
Columbia for more than a century. First established in 1862 on the grounds of
the Camp Barker, 13th and R Streets, NW, Freedmen's Hospital and Asylum cared
for freed, disabled, and aged blacks.
This history is a good example for the sale of jail and prison real estate
to schools and hospitals and non-discrimination on the basis of previous
conditions of servitude and tells the story of a truly free man. In 1863, the Hospital & Asylum was
placed under Dr. Alexander Augusta (1825-1890),
the first African-American to head a hospital. After the Civil War, it became
the teaching hospital of Howard University Medical School, established in 1868,
while remaining under federal control.
5. A record 7 million people - or one in every 32 American
adults - were behind bars, on probation or on parole by the end of 2005,
according to the Justice Department. Of those, 2.2 million were in prison or
jail, an increase of 2.7% over the previous year. More than 4.1 million people were on probation and 784,208 were
on parole at the end of 2005. Prison releases are increasing, but admissions
are increasing more. From 1995 to 2003,
inmates in federal prison for drug offenses have accounted for 49% of total
prison population growth. Over the past
year, the female population in state or federal prison increased 2.6 percent
while the number of male inmates rose 1.9 percent. By year's end, 7% of all
inmates were women. Racial disparities among prisoners persist. In the 25-29
age group, 8.1% of black men - about one in 13 – were behind bars, compared
with 2.6% of Hispanic men and 1.1% of white men. Certain states saw more
significant changes in prison population. Georgia had the biggest decrease,
losing 4.6%, followed by Maryland with a 2.4% decrease and Louisiana with a
2.3% drop. Montana and Kentucky were next in line with increases of
10.4% and 7.9%, respectively. In South
Dakota, the number of inmates increased 11% over the past year, more than any
other state.
6. The US did have a penal problem until the dissolution of
the Soviet Union after which time the US took the place of the USSR as the most
penal nation. The Bureau of Justice
Statistics reported that there were 4,151,125 probationers, 713,990 in
jail, 1,421,911 in prison and another 765,355 on parole for a total
correctional supervision population of 6,996,500 in 2004. In 1980 the US was a model judiciary with 503,586 prisoners (220 per
100,000). As the result of mandatory
minimum sentencing legislation the prisoner population steadily increased over
400% to 2,085,620
(707
per 100,000) in 2004. The US prison population is
therefore 24% of the 9 million global prisoners although the general US
population of 300 million is only 4.5% of the world’s 6.6 billion
population. The
US has the densest concentration of prisoners in the world with an average of
707-746 prisoners per 100,000 citizens.
For the US to achieve the
international norm of (250 per 100,000) the total number of local jail, state
and federal prison beds must be limited to less than 740,000. This means that it would be in the best
interest of the nation to release more than half of those people detained HA-7-12-05.
7. To lead this venture one naturally turns to the capitol,
Washington DC, this is however a mistake.
The District of Columbia has the highest concentration of prisoners in
the world, exceeding 1,500 per 100,000.
This is not the first time that the capitol has had this problem. Through the 1980s St. Elizabeth’s Hospital
had an extraordinary population exceeding 7,000. Between 1980 and 1992 the district and federal legislature
regulated the problem by establishing a community mental health system and
psychiatric detainees at the hospital now number less than 700. In the 1990s and even more after the new
Millennium the capitol has been enacting repressive legislation and filling
local jails and federal prisons at an unprecedented rate. This seizure of the capitol by the criminal
justice system must be redressed to preserve the sanctity of our
democracy. A community corrections
program must be developed and the leaders of the failed justice system must be
replaced. Whereas the capitol also has
the highest concentration of poverty in the nation the social problem is
obviously oppression of the poor because they are not protected by the social
welfare programs existent in the fifty states and the government must improve
the assistance to poor as well establish a community corrections program for
the wayward amongst the oppressed citizens.
Congress and District Council are responsible for this liberation as
directed in the plan to Decriminalize Corrections and Poverty in Washington DC
of the Cinco de Mayo HA-5-5-5.
8. The democratic principles are
freedom and equal rights. For
representative democracy to flourish people must be able to make informed
political decisions free of fear. In
the United States of America both freedom and equal rights have seriously come
into question because of the prison population and undue influence of the
criminal justice system and we must give the people the power to overthrow
tyrants and reduce prison populations through the peaceful principles of
democracy and the rule of law found in term limits. Although the XV Amendment specifically grants suffrage to people
regardless of previous condition of servitude only four states, Maine,
Massachusetts, Utah and Vermont do not disenfranchise voters convicted of
felonies. It is the politicians, who
define what is a felony, who must be censored, not the tyrannized people, who
don't really have more than the power of their own two hands. Every state must repeal these laws denying
the victims of their laws the right to vote.
The federal government must enforce this Amendment. Although the XIV Amendment guarantees the equal protection
of the law and the intention of the sentencing guidelines was to eliminate
disparities in sentencing, in the past two and a half decades since mandatory
minimum sentencing began to be enforced the prison population has soared from
503,586 (220 per 100,000) to 2,085,620 (707 per 100,000) in 2004 when Blakely v. Washington overruled the
concept. The US now holds more
detainees than China and since the dissolution of the Soviet Union has the
highest concentration of prisoners in the world.
9. Inevitably, in a culture of slavery, the most in-equal
of all societies, the rich have become richer, and the value of the dollar has
declined. It is time the US declared
judicial incompetence, abolished the death penalty and submitted the nation to
the more reasonable sentences of Canada, Mexico and the EU. We must make great strides against the legal
slave trade in convicted criminals under the XIII Amendment to the US
Constitution. For starters politicians
must admit that there is a problem.
This can be very difficult, but it is not enough, we must solve this
problem, or perish like Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. Out nation is unique in that the Civil War
is the only war where it was the slavers not the slaves, who revolted. As this is our history that we are
re-writing, we must be careful to punish the revolting slavers. We must keep negotiations regarding freedom to the
legislature as directed by the XIII Amendment to the US Constitution. Not to
silence the judiciary in regards to the privilege of habeas corpus or their grievances
regarding their independence to issue sentences of probation, parole and
judgments of acquittal.
10. To preserve the integrity of our Union we must
carefully conduct statistical research regarding the correctional population in
the federal judiciary and every state and county - prison, jail, probation and
parole. These statistics are meaningful.
We are obligated to keep slavery prone, politically weak, jurisdictions
from seizing power and under the high scrutiny of military democracy whereby
the responsible police and judicial officials do not interfere with civil and
political rights and are speedily replaced by special ballot and term limits,
with more philosophical professionals who understand the plan - community
corrections. To reflect the will of the people rather
than a fascist dictatorship of cheating prosecutors’ decisions regarding the
establishment of community corrections programs and replacement of officials
should be speedily placed on the public ballot in special elections to isolate
the heightened need for security on judicial issues. The issues for judging the judiciary are the right of
felons to vote, abolition of the death penalty, prison density less than 500 or
the goal of 250 per 100,000. The cruel
truth that this judgment reveals is whether or not a jurisdiction is fit for
politics, this may or may not extend to the right of their representatives to
vote on controversial issues.
It is
important to verify the liberty of a geographic region by the performing the
calculation
100,000 x
prison population / total population = prisoners per 100,000
ie.
100,000 x 2.2 million / 300 million = 733 prisoners per 100,000
11. Results greater than 250 indicate that the judiciary will be problematic. Any result of more than 500 indicates that the judiciary is virtually incapable of doing any good. At around 750 the judiciary is not merely invading privacy but has actually seized political power in an iron fist. At around 1,000 terrorism, not merely guerilla warfare, becomes an issue, for example the capitol city is engaged in an unjust war in Iraq. These numerical judgments are not true only an important word of caution for reformers. To reform problem judiciaries locally and at the state level democracy is the best security. In problem jurisdictions short term limits of not more than a year or two must be enforced for senior judicial and police officers, namely the Sheriff, who do make significant reductions in prison population and crime rate. Community corrections should be placed on the state and local ballots to ensure popular support for the programs. These programs should greatly reduce the cost of corrections and reduce the crime rate and recidivism by treating the wayward with the respect and dignity they have often never enjoyed. Paying work programs, such as urban renewal and employment counseling are an important way for these residents to gain self respect and learn a trade with which to lead a crime free life. To promote the development of community corrections programs within the jurisdiction of the Department(s) of Corrections and the Probation and Parole Association it is hoped that the population of correctional employees shall shift from 476,000 corrections officers and 84,000 probation and parole officers in 2002 to 250,000 corrections officers and 300,000 probation and parole officers, most staffing community corrections shelters, as soon as 2010, should movement in the right direction be sustained. To federally finance this transition the $3.3 billion Justice Assistance Grant program must be transferred from unspecified, treasonous, police programs to community corrections programs so as not to finance armed forces and redress the political problem.
12. Whereas, Washington DC our national capitol city, has
the highest concentration of prisoners of any jurisdiction, in the entire
world, this judgment regarding problem jurisdictions definitely applies to
ineligibility to receive federal funds for any judicial or police function
other than community corrections. The
non problematic jurisdictions are expected to invest in unarmed programs of
their accord. When the total number of state,
local and federal detainees from a county exceeds 250 prisoners per 100,000
citizens that area must found enough community corrections beds for sentenced
prisoners to serve their time on probation or parole in the community
corrections system rather than the more expensive alternative of prison or the
negligent release of a felony offenders to the street. The State by State
Prison Brief reveals that Texas, Louisiana, and the District of Columbia have the most serious problems
with prison population rates over 1,000 prisoners per 100,000 citizens. Vermont, Maine, Minnesota, and North Dakota, have prison populations less than 250 per 100,000.
USA Prison Population as Reported by the International Centre for Prison Statistics for 30 June 1999 Ranked from most reasonable to densest.
Judicial Failure can be assumed at <50 or >400 prisoners per 100,000 judging from the World Prison Population HA-7-12-05
|
Rank |
Correction Agency |
General
Population 2003 |
Total Prison Population 1999 |
State Prison Population |
Local Jail Population |
per 100,000 |
Pr(i)son, Pr(o)bation, P(a)role, E(x)-felons |
|
|
|
US Military |
|
|
|
|
|
0 yes |
|
|
|
290,809,777 |
173,059 |
N/a |
N/a |
58 |
3 |
|
|
|
1 |
619,107 |
1,205 |
N/a |
N/a |
203 |
0 |
|
|
|
2 |
1,305,728 |
2,745 |
1,632 |
1,113 |
220 |
0 |
|
|
|
3 |
5,059,375 |
10,765 |
5,763 |
5,002 |
226 |
0 |
i, o, a |
|
|
4 |
633,837 |
1,520 |
932 |
588 |
239 |
0 |
i |
|
|
5 |
1,257,608 |
3,479 |
N/a |
N/a |
291 |
0 |
i |
|
|
6 |
1,810,354 |
5,496 |
3,003 |
2,493 |
304 |
0 |
i,o,a |
|
|
7 |
1,287,687 |
3,830 |
2,238 |
1,592 |
320 |
0 |
i |
|
|
8 |
1,076,164 |
3,176 |
N/a |
N/a |
321 |
0 yes |
i, o, a |
|
|
9 |
1,739,291 |
5,740 |
3,551 |
2,189 |
344 |
3 |
i,o,a |
|
|
10 |
6,433,422 |
21,796 |
11,022 |
10,774 |
353 |
0 |
|
|
|
11 |
2,944,062 |
10,229 |
7,231 |
2,998 |
356 |
0 |
i,o,a,x |
|
|
12 |
6,131,445 |
24,849 |
14,307 |
10,542 |
431 |
4 |
i,o,a,x
pre 84 |
|
|
13 |
2,351,467 |
9,239 |
5,215 |
4,024 |
433 |
6 |
|
|
|
14 |
917,621 |
3,998 |
2,477 |
1,521 |
453 |
2 |
i |
|
|
15 |
648,818 |
2,837 |
2,769 |
68 |
459 |
0 |
i,o,a |
|
|
16 |
3,559,596 |
15,425 |
9,142 |
6,283 |
464 |
2 |
i |
|
|
17 |
2,723,507 |
12,864 |
8,486 |
4,378 |
484 |
0 yes |
i |
|
|
18 |
764,309 |
3,581 |
2,517 |
1,064 |
485 |
0 yes |
i |
|
|
19 |
501,242 |
2,338 |
1,333 |
1,005 |
485 |
1 |
i,o,a,x |
|
|
20 |
12,653,544 |
61,235 |
44,355 |
16,880 |
506 |
12 |
i |
|
|
21 |
6,195,643 |
30,025 |
17,238 |
12,787 |
506 |
16 |
i |
|
|
22 |
3,483,372 |
16,776 |
N/a |
N/a |
511 |
1 |
i,o,a |
|
|
23 |
5,472,299 |
27,218 |
14,659 |
12,559 |
519 |
0 |
i,o,a |
|
|
24 |
4,550,688 |
21,043 |
12,039 |
9,004 |
520 |
1 |
i, a |
|
|
25 |
12,365,455 |
63,490 |
36,494 |
29,996 |
529 |
3 |
i |
|
|
26 |
1,366,332 |
6,634 |
3,825 |
2,809 |
531 |
1 |
i |
|
|
27 |
8,638,396 |
43,777 |
26,947 |
16,830 |
536 |
0 yes |
i,o,a |
|
|
28 |
4,117,827 |
21,651 |
11,278 |
10,373 |
546 |
2 |
i,o,a,x |
|
|
29 |
8,407,248 |
43,243 |
29,964 |
13,279 |
564 |
39 |
i, o, a |
|
|
30 |
11,435,798 |
63,444 |
46,806 |
16,638 |
565 |
19 |
i |
|
|
31 |
19,190,115 |
104,341 |
71,020 |
33,411 |
574 |
0 yes |
i,a |
|
|
32 |
2,725,714 |
15,022 |
10,190 |
4,832 |
588 |
27 |
i, o, a |
|
|
33 |
1,874,614 |
10,330 |
5,113 |
5,217 |
590 |
1 |
i,o,a,x |
|
|
34 |
5,704,484 |
32,300 |
25,360 |
6,940 |
591 |
66 |
i, o, a |
|
|
35 |
10,079,985 |
61,882 |
46,253 |
15,629 |
628 |
0 |
i |
|
|
36 |
5,508,909 |
33,650 |
22,705 |
10,945 |
650 |
5 |
i, o, a, 2nd x |
|
|
37 |
5,841,748 |
35,884 |
16,324 |
19,629 |
655 |
1 |
i,o,a,x pre 86 |
|
|
38 |
2,881,281 |
18,416 |
9,530 |
8,886 |
664 |
6 |
i,o,a,x |
|
|
39 |
7,386,330 |
48,828 |
30,593 |
18,235 |
713 |
94 |
i,o,a,x |
|
|
40 |
35,484,453 |
239,206 |
162,064 |
77,142 |
721 |
11 |
i, a |
|
|
41 |
4,500,752 |
33,157 |
21,739 |
11,418 |
757 |
34 |
i, o, a, x |
|
|
42 |
5,580,811 |
36,412 |
26,092 |
10,320 |
761 |
22 |
i, o, a, 2nd x |
|
|
43 |
4,147,152 |
30,000 |
21,220 |
8,780 |
772 |
35 |
i,o,a |
|
|
44 |
2,241,154 |
14,057 |
9,159 |
4,898 |
774 |
11 |
i,o,a,x |
|
|
45 |
17,019,068 |
119,679 |
68,599 |
51,080 |
790 |
60 |
i,o,a,x |
|
|
46 |
817,491 |
5,958 |
N/a |
N/a |
792 |
14 |
i,o,a,x |
|
|
47 |
3,511,532 |
27,926 |
21,083 |
6,743 |
825 |
79 |
i, o, a |
|
|
48 |
8,684,715 |
74,500 |
41,665 |
32,835 |
956 |
39 |
i,o,a |
|
|
49 |
22,118,509 |
204,110 |
146,180 |
57,930 |
1,014 |
355 |
i,o,a,x 2 yr, |
|
|
50 |
4,496,334 |
44,934 |
19,303 |
25,631 |
1,025 |
27 |
i |
|
|
51 |
563,384 |
8,226 |
6,573 |
1,653 |
1,594 |
0 |
i |
|
|
|
US Totals |
290,809,777 |
1,915,525 |
|
|
724 |
1002 as of |
|
Sanders,