Hospitals & Asylums

Pacific Asian International Development HA-27-2-06

Anthony J. Sanders

A. The continent of Asia is arbitrarily separated from Europe by the Ural mountains from whence it runs to the Pacific Ocean, including the Middle East populated by an estimated 5.5 billion people, 85% of the world population. Asia is subdivided by HA for the arbitrary purposes of administrative equality and cultural homogeneity into the Middle East and Central Asia (including the non Asian region of North Africa), Russia is categorized with Europe, and the region we are dealing with in this Chapter – South East Asia and the Pacific (SEA). In this Chapter the SEA includes the world’s two most populous nations, China with a population of 1,306,313,812, India with a population of 1,080,264,388, the entire Indian subcontinent, imperial China, the Sea of Japan, the South East Asian peninsula, South East Asian Islands and the Pacific Islands including Oceania where the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea of 2002 and UN Convention on the Law of the Sea of 1984 apply.

1. South East Asia (SEA) is the most populous region in the world with 10 January 2006 estimates of 3,416,455,647 people, 53% of the world population.

2. The purchasing power parity of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for the region was estimated at $21,459 trillion and per capita at $6,311 in 2006.

3. The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) in the Human Development Report of 2005 stated that the SEA received $14.616 billion in ODA and contributed $10.773 billion in 2003.

4. This 2006, as part of global increase in spending projected at $25 billion to continue the progress made in 2005 it is hoped to increase international development spending to the SEA by administrating as much as $10 billion in new aid for the benefit of the 2/3 of the world’s population living on less than $2 a day in the region, increasing ODA contributed to $15.651 billion and ODA received to $25.500 billion.

5. A recent major study on long-term developments in international trade has predicted that by 2050 the centre of gravity of the world economy will have shifted to the Asia Pacific region.

B. Whereas Goal 1 of the UN Millennium Development Goals for 2015 seeks to reduce by half the number of people who suffer hunger or live in extreme poverty of less than $1 a day and there is so much relief for poverty in SEA that it is indicated for those earning less than $2 a day, international economic cooperation for the SEA, precluding a relapse of absolute poverty like the Great North Korean Famine 1994-1998 that cost 3 million lives, shall focus upon Goal 8 to Develop further an open trading and financial system that is rule-based, predictable and non-discriminatory.

1. Includes a commitment to good governance, development and poverty reduction, nationally and internationally.

2. Address the least developed countries’ special needs.

3. This includes tariff- and quota-free access for their exports; enhanced debt relief for heavily indebted poor countries; cancellation of official bilateral debt; and more generous official development assistance for countries committed to poverty reduction.

4. Address the special needs of landlocked and Small Island developing States.

5. Deal comprehensively with developing countries’ debt problems through national and international measures to make debt sustainable in the long term.

6. In cooperation with the developing countries, develop decent and productive work for youth.

7. In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to affordable essential drugs in developing countries.

8. In cooperation with the private sector, make available the benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications technologies

C. The Vientiane Action Programme of the 10^th ASEAN Summit of 29 -30 November 2004 renews the Hanoi Plan of Action (HPA), that was the first in a series of action plans or programmes leading to the end-goal of ASEAN Vision 2020 of 1997 for a single market and production base by setting concrete milestones to reach the goals of an outward looking, broad and comprehensive ASEAN Community, founded on the three pillars of political and security cooperation, economic integration, and socio-cultural cooperation, to form the ASEAN Security Community, the ASEAN Economic Community and the ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community by 2020.

1. The ASEAN Security Community (ASC) embodies ASEANàs aspirations to achieve peace, stability, democracy and prosperity in the region where ASEAN Member Countries live at peace with one another and with the world at large in a just, democratic and harmonious environment.

2. The ASEAN Economic Community will be begun with the removal of all tariff and other barriers to trade amongst member nations by 2010 and 2015 for developing nations entitled to an advantage in international trade.

3. The ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community (ASCC) represents ASEAN’s aspirations to lift the quality of life of its peoples, sustainably use natural resources and strengthen its cultural identity towards a people-centred ASEAN.

D. The focus of the Koala Lumpur Declaration on East Asian Summit of 14 December 2006 and the 11^th ASEAN Summit was:

1. Fostering strategic dialogue and promoting cooperation in political and security issues to ensure that our countries can live at peace with one another and with the world at large in a just, democratic and harmonious environment;

2. Promoting development, financial stability, energy security, economic integration and growth, eradicating poverty and narrowing the development gap in East Asia, through technology transfer and infrastructure development, capacity building, good governance and humanitarian assistance and promoting financial links, trade and investment expansion and liberalization; and

3. Promoting deeper cultural understanding, people-to-people contact and enhanced cooperation in uplifting the lives and well-being of our peoples in order to foster mutual trust and solidarity as well as promoting fields such as environmental protection, prevention of infectious diseases and natural disaster mitigation.

Country	Population	GDP in billions	Per capita	ODA 2003 in mill US $	ODA Est. 2006 in mill US $	Con stitu tion
Total With India	3,416,455,647	21,459	$6,311	15,558	25,500
Total Without India	2,110,141,845	17,781	$8,467	14,653 -10,773	22,500 -16,203
China	1,306,313,812	8,158	$6,200	1,324	3,000	1982
India	1,080,264,388	3,678	$3,400	942.2	3,500	1995
Indonesia	241,973,879	899	$3,700	1,743	4,500	1945
Bangladesh	144,319,628	299.9	$2,000	1,393	2,000	1972
Japan	127,417,244	3,867	$29,400	-8,859	-10,000	1947
Philippines	87,857,473	451.3	$5,000	2,000	2,000	1987
Vietnam	83,535,576	251.8	$2,700	1,768.6	2,000	1992
Thailand	65,444,371	545.8	$8,100	72	150	1997
Korea, South	48,422,644	983.3	$19,200	-334	-1,850	1987
Burma	42,909,464	76.2	$1,700	127	1,000	1948
Nepal	27,676,547	42.17	$1,500	466.7	1,000	1990
Malaysia	23,953,136	248	$9,700			1957
Korea, North	22,912,177	40	$1,700	117	1,117	1948
Taiwan	22,894,384	610.8	$25,300		-576	1946
Australia	20,090,437	642.7	$30,700	-1,465	-3,000	1900
Sri Lanka	20,064,776	86.72	$4,000	671.1	700	1978
Cambodia	13,607,069	28.71	$2,000	504	1,000	1993
Hong Kong	6,898,686	254.2	$34,200	5	-235	1990
Laos	6,217,141	11.92	$1,900	298.6	1,000	1991
Papua New Guinea	5,545,268	13.32	$2,200	220.8	250	1975
Singapore	4,425,720	131.3	$27,800	7.1	-121	1959
New Zealand	4,035,461	97.39	$23,200	-165	-231	1987
Mongolia	2,791,272	6.01	$1,900	215	415	1992
Bhutan	2,232,291	2.9	$1,400	77	350	2002
East Timor	1,040,880	0.370	$400	150.8	750	2002
Fiji	893,354	5.398	$5,900	40.3	50	1990
Solomon Islands	538,032	0.800	$1,700	60.2	100	1978
Macau	449,198	9.11	$19,400		-90	1993
Brunei	372,361	6.842	$23,600		-68	1959
New Caledonia	216,494	3.158	$15,000	880	50	1993
Vanuatu	205,754	0.580	$2,900	32.4	35	1980
Samoa	177,287	1	$5,600	42.9	50	1962
Guam	168,564	3.2	$21,000	147	-32	1950
Tonga	112,422	0.244	$2,300	27.5	30	1875
Micronesia	108,105	0.277	$2,000	75	175	1979
Kiribati	103,092	0.079	$800	15.5	35	1979
Northern Mariana Islands	80,362	0.900	$12,500			1987
Marshall Islands	59,071	0.115	$1,600	0	10	1988
Samoa, American	57,881	0.500	$8,000	40	41	1966
Cook Islands	21,388	0.105	$5,000	13.1	14	1965
Palau	20,303	0.174	$9,000	155.8	200	1981
Nauru	13,048	0.060	$5,000	2.25	5	1968
Tuvalu	11,636	0.0122	$1,100	13	33	1978
Niue	2,166	0.0076	$3,600	2.6	3	1974
Tokelau	1,405	0.0015	$1,000	4	14	1948

Sanders, Tony J. Hospitals & Asylums. Pacific Asian International Development. HA-27-2-06. 54 pages www.title24uscode.org/SEA.doc